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Latest Depression Treatments

If your depression doesn't get better with antidepressants and psychotherapy new medications that respond quickly could be able to treat depression that is resistant to treatment.

SSRIs also known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are the most frequently prescribed and well-known antidepressants. They alter how the brain processes serotonin which is a chemical messenger.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists you in changing negative thoughts and behaviors like hopelessness. It is available on the NHS for 8 to 16 sessions.

1. Esketamine

In March 2019 the FDA approved a new nasal spray for depression called esketamine. (Brand name Spravato). It is derived the anesthetic the ketamine. This has been shown to be effective in severe depression. The nasal spray is utilized in conjunction with an oral antidepressant to treat depression that isn't responding to standard medications. In one study 70 percent of patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression given the drug responded well which was a greater response rate than just an oral antidepressant.

Esketamine is different from standard antidepressants. It boosts the levels of naturally occurring chemicals in the brain, referred to as neurotransmitters. These chemicals transmit messages between brain cells. The results are not immediate. Patients typically feel a little better after a few days, but the effects last longer than SSRIs or SNRIs, which can take anywhere from weeks to months to show results.

Researchers believe that esketamine reduces symptoms of depression by enhancing brain cell connections. In animal studies, esketamine reversed these connections that can be broken down through depression and chronic stress. Additionally, it appears to promote the growth of neurons that can help reduce suicidal thoughts and feelings.

Esketamine is different from other antidepressants due to the fact that it is delivered via nasal spray. This allows it to reach your bloodstream more quickly than pills or oral medications. The drug has been shown to decrease symptoms of depression within a matter of hours, and in some individuals the effects are immediately.

However the results of a study that followed patients for 16 weeks revealed that not all who began treatment with esketamine remained in remission. This is disappointing, but it's not surprising according to Dr. Amit A. Anand, a ketamine expert who was not involved with the study.

Esketamine is available only in clinical trials or in private practice. Esketamine is not a primary option to treat depression. It is prescribed when SSRIs and SNRIs do not be effective for a patient suffering from treatment-resistant depressive disorder. A doctor for a patient will determine if the disorder is not responding to treatment and discuss whether the use of esketamine is beneficial.

2. TMS

TMS uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. It is noninvasive, does not require surgery or anesthesia and has been proven to reduce depression in those who do not respond to psychotherapy or medication. It can also be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tinnitus.

TMS treatment for depression is usually delivered in a series of 36 daily treatments spread out over six weeks. The magnetic pulses can feel like pinpricks in the scalp. It may take some time to become used to. After the treatment, patients are able to return to work or home. Each TMS session can last between 3.5 minutes and 20 minutes, depending on the stimulation pattern.

Scientists believe rTMS works by altering the way that neurons communicate with each other. This process, known as neuroplasticity, allows the brain to create new connections and alter its functions.

Currently, TMS is FDA-cleared to treat depression when other therapies such as talk therapy and medication, haven't worked. It has also been shown to aid those suffering from tinnitus, OCD and pain. Researchers are also looking into the possibility of using it to treat Parkinson's and anxiety.

TMS has been proven to help with depression in several studies, but not everyone who receives it benefits. It is important that you undergo a thorough psychiatric as well as medical evaluation before trying this type of treatment. If you have a history of seizures or are taking certain medications, TMS may not be the best treatment for depression option for you.

A visit to your doctor could be beneficial if struggling with depression but not getting any benefit from the treatment you are currently receiving. You may be a suitable candidate for a trial of TMS or other forms of neurostimulation, but you should try several antidepressants before insurance coverage covers the cost. If you are interested in learning more about these life-changing treatments, call us now for a free consultation. Our experts will assist you through the process of the decision of whether TMS treatment is suitable for you.

3. Deep brain stimulation

A noninvasive therapy that resets the brain's circuitry may be effective in as little as one week for patients suffering from alcohol depression Treatment that is resistant to treatment. Researchers have developed new methods that deliver high-dose magnetic waves to the brain faster and on a schedule more manageable for patients.

Stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT), which is now available at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences' Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic, uses MRI imaging to guide electrodes that send magnetic pulses to the targeted brain regions. In a recent study, Mitra & Raichle found that in three quarters of depression patients, the normal flow of neural activity was disrupted, shifting from the anterior cortex to the anterior isola. With SNT the flow of neural activity returned to normal within a week, which coincided with a lifting of their depression.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a more invasive procedure, can cause similar effects in some patients. Neurosurgeons perform a series of tests to determine the ideal place to implant one or more leads in the brain. The leads are connected to a nerve stimulator implanted under the collarbone, which appears like a heart pacemaker. The device is able to deliver an uninterrupted electric current through the leads. This alters the brain's natural circuitry, reducing depression symptoms.

Certain psychotherapy treatments can aid in reducing depression symptoms, such as cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy. Psychotherapy can be offered in one-on-one sessions with an expert in mental health, or in a group setting. Some psychotherapists provide telehealth.

Antidepressants are still the primary treatment for depression. However, in recent times there have been significant improvements in how quickly these medications work to reduce symptoms of depression. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.

Other therapies use electric or magnetic stimulation to stimulate the brain, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). These are more involved procedures that require under the supervision of a doctor. In some instances, they could cause seizures or other serious adverse side effects.

4. Light therapy

Bright light therapy, which is sitting or working in front of an artificial light source, has been used for years to help with major depressive disorder and seasonal patterns (SAD). Studies have shown that it can relieve symptoms such as sadness and fatigue by regulating the circadian rhythm and improving mood. It also aids people who suffer from depression, which occurs and disappears.

Light therapy mimics the sun, which is a major component of a biological clock known as suprachiasmatic (SCN). The SCN is linked to mood, and lighttherapy can alter circadian rhythm patterns that can cause depression. Light therapy can also lower the production of melatonin and improve the function of neurotransmitters.

Some doctors utilize light therapy to combat winter blues. This is a milder version of depression that is similar to SAD, but only is more common and occurs during the seasons that have the least amount light. They recommend sitting in the light therapy device each morning for 30 minutes while awake to reap the most benefit. Contrary to antidepressants, which may take weeks to kick in and often cause side effects such as weight gain or nausea light therapy can provide results within one week. It's also safe during pregnancy and for those who are older.

Researchers advise against using light therapy without the supervision of a mental health professional or psychiatrist, since it can cause manic episodes in those with bipolar depression treatment disorders. It could also make sufferers feel tired during the first line treatment for anxiety and depression week of treatment because it could alter their sleep-wake patterns.

PCPs need to be aware of any new treatments that have been approved by the FDA. However they shouldn't be ignoring traditional methods such as antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy. Dr. Hellerstein told Healio that although the quest for better and newer treatments is exciting, we should prioritize the most well-established treatments. He says that PCPs should be focusing on teaching their patients on the benefits of new treatments and assisting them stick to their treatment plans. This can include providing transportation to the doctor's appointment, or setting up reminders for them to take their medications and attend therapy sessions.